Causes of Hyperkalemia

Pseudohyperkalemia

 - Tourniquet use

 - Hemolysis (in vitro)

 - Leukocytosis

 - Thrombocytosis

Intra- to extracellular potassium shift

 - Acidosis*

 - Heavy exercise

 - ß-Blockade

 - Insulin deficiency

 - Digitalis intoxication

 - Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis

Potassium load

 - Potassium supplements

 - Potassium-rich foods

 - IV potassium

 - Potassium-containing drugs

 - Transfusion of aged blood

 - Hemolysis (in vivo)

 - GI bleeding

 - Cell destruction after chemotherapy

 - Rhabdomyolysis/crush injury*

 - Extensive tissue necrosis

Decreased potassium excretion

 - Renal failure*

 - Drugs—potassium-sparing ß-blockade, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, cyclosporine, tacrolimus

 - Aldosterone deficiency*

 - Selective defect in renal potassium excretion (pseudohypoaldosteronism, systemic lupus erythematosus, sickle cell disease, obstructive uropathy, renal transplantation, type IV renal tubular acidosis)



#Hyperkalemia #Causes #diagnosis #differential