Manual of Medicine

Types of Brain Herniation 1) Uncal Transtentorial 2) Central Transtentorial 3) Subfalcine 4) Transcalvarial 5) Ascending Transtentorial 6) Tonsilar #Brain #Herniation #Types #Classification #diagnosis #neurology #neurosurgery

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Treatment Algorithm IBS-Constipation: • Constipation: Osmotic laxatives • Abdominal pain: Antispasmodics IBS-Diarrhea: • Diarrhea: Loperamide, Bile acid sequestrant • Abdominal pain: Antispasmodics #Irritable #Bowel #Syndrom

IBS-D Pharmacotherapy Loperamide Rifaximin Eluxadoline Alosetron Antispasmodics Tricyclic antidepressants SSRIs #IBSD #IBS #Diarrhea #Irritable #Bowel #Syndrome #pharmacology #table #comparison #management #treatment

IBS-C Pharmacotherapy Polyethylene glycol Lubiprostone Linaclotide Plecanatide Tegaserod Tenapanor #IBSC #IBS #Constipation #Irritable #Bowel #Syndrome #pharmacology #table #comparison #management #treatment

Causes of Hypomagnesemia • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation, Acute pancreatitis, Postparathyroidectomy (hungry bone syndrome), Osteoblastic metastasis (hungry bone syndrome) • Extrarenal loss:

Chest Pain Diagnosis and Management Algorithm STEMI: - Hx: Pressure like CP, Radiation to arm/jaw, CAD risk factors - PEX: Non-reproducible, Non-pleuritic, N/V/diaphoresis Aortic Dissection: - Hx: Sudden onset, severe, tearing CP, Risks: h/o Marfan, HTN, cocaine - PEX: New mu

Treatment of Stable Narrow-Complex Tachycardia Regular Rhythm: • Attempt vagal maneuvers • Give adenosine 6 milligrams IV push followed by 12 milligrams IV push if does not convert - Repeat 12-milligram dose once • Converts - Probably AVnRT or AVRT - Observe and

Cardiogenic Shock: Pathogenesis, complications and clinical findings #Cardiogenic #Shock #pathophysiology #cardiology #diagnosis #signs #symptoms

Typical therapeutic applications of Tetracyclines (Doxycycline) Gram (+) cocci: Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-resistant strains), Streptococcus pneumoniae Gram (+) bacilli: Bacillus anthracis Gram (-) rods: Brucella species, Vibrio cholerae, Yersinia pestis Anaerob

Acute Diarrhea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Ischemic: Small Bowel vs Large Bowel • Infectious: Diarrhea-Predominant vs Nausea/Vomiting-Predominant • Inflammatory: Bloody vs Non-Bloody • Dietary (osmotic diarrhea) #Acute #Diarrhea #Differential #Diagnosis #Alg

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Lineage #Hematopoietic #StemCell #Lineage #hematology #diagnosis #maturation

Treatment of Stable Wide-Complex Tachycardia Regular • If ventricular tachycardia or uncertain rhythm: - Give amiodarone 150 milligrams IV over 10 min - Repeat if necessary to max 2.2 grams/24 h - Prepare for synchronized cardioversion • If known SVT with aberra

Choice of anticoagulant for treatment of pulmonary embolism • Malignancy - LMWH • To avoid parenteral therapy - Rivaroxaban; apixaban • Once a day oral therapy - Rivaroxaban; edoxaban; VKA • Hepatic involvement with coagulopathy - LMWH • Renal involvement with crea

Aphasia - Pathophysiology and Clinical Findings Broca's Aphasia - Expressive language impairment: non-Fluent - Sensory speech areas still intact (posterior superior temporal lobe) → Intact comprehension (intact hearing & reading) - Impaired function of Broca's Area → ↓out

Heart Failure Medications Summary Inhibitors of the Renin-Angiotensin System: • ACE Inhibitors: Benazepril, Captopril, Enalapril, Lisinopril, Quinapril, Ramipril, Fosinopril, Trandolapril, Perindopril • Angiotensin Receptor Blockers: Candesartan, Eprosartan, Irbesartan,