Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome (HHS)

Absolute Insulin deficit:

 - Type I DM: No insulin produced 

 - Type II DM pts under large stresses that ↑ insulin demand

Relative Insulin deficit:

 - inadequate production, insulin resistance, non-adherence to insulin TX, stresses ↑ Insulin demand: infections, food binges, etc

Hyperglycemia → Glucosuria → Polyuria → Dehydration → Electrolyte imbalance → Polydipsia



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