Causes of Hypercalcemia

Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:

 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure, Addison's disease, Hyperthyroidism, Immobilization

Hypercalcemia due to decreased urinary Ca2+ excretion:

 • Familial hypercalcemic hypocalciuria, Thiazides

Hypercalcemia due to increased GI Ca2+ absorption:

 • Granulomatous diseases (sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis)

 • Milk (calcium)-alkali syndrome

 • Vitamin D intoxication



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