Causes of Encephalopathy - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Hyperacute:

 - Primary Neurologic: Vascular (IS, ICH), Seizure, Migraine, Trauma

 - Systemic: Hypertensive encephalopathy

Acute:

 - Primary Neurologic: Vascular (SDH), Inflammatory (Acute demyelination), Infectious (bacterial/viral meningitis encephalitis)

 - Systemic: Systemic infection

Subacute:

 - Primary Neurologic: Vascular (SDH), Neoplasm-related (brain tumors, paraneoplastic syndromes), Inflammatory, Infectious (fungal, TB, parasitic, complications of HIV)

 - Systemic:  Chronic systemic conditions: Heart failure, Endocrinopathy, Malignancy, Autoimmune, OSA

Chronic:

 - Primary Neurologic: Vascular (SDH), Degenerative, NPH, Infectious (syphilis, HIV-associated neurocognitive disease)



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