Causes of Pleural Effusion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Transudate - Hydrostatic
• Congestive heart failure
• Constrictive pericarditis
• Superior vena cava syndrome
• Atelectasis
• Pneumonectomy
• Trapped lung
Transudate - Oncotic
• Cirrhosis
• Nephrotic syndrome
• Protein-losing enteropathy
• Myxedema
Transudate - Diaphragmatic:
• Hepatic hydrothorax
• Peritoneal dialysis
• Urinothorax
Exudate - Infectious:
• Pneumonia
• Tuberculous pleuritis
• Subphrenic abscess
Exudate - Noninfectious:
• Malignancy
• Pulmonary embolism
• Collagen vascular disease
• Gastrointestinal disease
• Hemothorax
• Chylothorax
• Postcardiac injury syndrome
• Post-CABG
• Medication
• Radiation
• Asbestos
• Uremia
• Meigs' syndrome
• Yellow nail syndrome
Dr. André Mansoor @AndreMansoor - Author of Frameworks for Internal Medicine https://amzn.to/2LmUODZ
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