Causes of Ascites - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Portal Hypertension - Prehepatic:

 • Portal vein thrombosis

 • Splenic vein thrombosis

 • Extrinsic compression

 • Splanchnic arteriovenous fistula

Portal Hypertension - Hepatic:

 • Cirrhosis

 • Schistosomiasis

 • Infiltrative disease

 • Acute liver failure

 • Primary biliary cholangitis

 • Primary sclerosing cholangitis

 • Idiopathic portal hypertension

 • Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome

Portal Hypertension - Post-Hepatic:

 • Heart failure

 • Constrictive pericarditis

 • Budd-Chiari syndrome

 • Inferior vena cava obstruction

Non-portal Hypertension - Protein-poor:

 • Nephrotic syndrome

 • Malnutrition

 • Protein-losing enteropathy

Non-portal Hypertension - Protein-rich:

 • Malignancy

 • Pancreatitis

 • Tuberculosis

 • Hemoperitoneum

 • Chylous ascites

 • Myxedema

 • Perforated viscus



Dr. André Mansoor @AndreMansoor - Author of Frameworks for Internal Medicine https://amzn.to/2LmUODZ



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