Causes of Pediatric Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Infantile:

 • Benign Focal Epilepsy of Infancy

 • West Syndrome

 • Dravet Syndrome

Generalized Epilepsies:

 • Childhood Absence Epilepsy

 • Myoclonic Absence Epilepsy

 • Juvenile Absence Epilepsy

 • Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy

 • Lennox Gastaut Syndrome

Focal Epilepsies:

 • Rolandic Epilepsy

 • Panayiotopoulas Syndrome

 • Landau-Kleffner Syndrome

Provoked - Drugs:

 • Drug overdose

 • Alcohol Withdrawal

 • Poisoning

Provoked - Infection:

 • Febrile Seizures

 • Sepsis

 • Meningitis

 • Encephalitis

Provoked - Metabolic:

 • Hypoglycemia

 • Hyperglycemia

 • Hypocalcemia

 • Hyponatremia

Provoked - Structural:

 • Head Injury

 • Stroke

 • Tumours

 • Congenital Abnormality

 • Tuberous Sclerosis

 • Sturge-Weber Syndrome

Neonates and Infant Spells:

 • Benign Sleep Myoclonus

 • Shuddering attacks

 • Infantile Colic

 • Sandifer Syndrome

Older Infants and Toddler Spells:

 • Breath-holding spells

 • Benign Paroxysmal Vertigo

 • Benign Paroxysmal Torticollis

 • Night Terrors

Childhood and Adolescents Spells:

 • Daydreaming

 • Syncope

 • Migraine-variants

 • Panic Attack

 • Transient Ischemic Attack

 • Narcolepsy

 • Cataplexy



#Seizures #Epilepsy #Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes #Peds #Pediatrics