Causes of Congenital Anomalies - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Malformation

 • Embryonic development failure or inadequacy (often multifactorial)

Deformation

 • Abnormal mechanical forces distorting otherwise normal structures (e.g.exoligohydramnios)

Disruption

 • Destruction/ Breakdown of previously normal tissue (e.g. ischemia)

Association of Anomalies (Syndromic)

 • Chromosomal

 • Single Gene

 • Teratogenic

 • Association (e.g. VACTERL)



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