Causes of Anemia by Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low Mean Corpuscular Volume (<80 fL)

 • Iron Deficiency

 • Thalassemia

 • Lead Poisoning

 • Anemia of Chronic Disease

Normal Mean Corpuscular Volume (80-100 fL)

 • Bleeding

 • Hemolysis

 • Marrow Failure

 • Anemia of Chronic Disease (e.g. Renal Disease, Liver Disease, Endocrinopathy, Chronic Inflammation, Chronic Infection)

High Mean Corpuscular Volume (>100 fL)

 • B12 Deficiency

 • Folate Deficiency

 • Drugs

 • Reticulocytosis

 • Liver Disease

 • Hypothyroidism

 • Myelodysplasia



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