Causes of Cystic Renal Mass - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Benign - Anechoic on ultrasound, Well-demarcated on ultrasound/CT, Non-enhancing with CT contrast

 - Simple Cysts - No family history of ADPKD, Normal sized kidneys, No cysts in other organs

 - Polycystic - Multiple bilateral cysts, Positive family history, Enlarged kidneys, Cysts in other organs

     • Polycystic Kidney Disease

     • Tuberous Sclerosis

     • Von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome

Suspicious - Septated/Loculated on ultrasound, Irregular border on ultrasound/CT, Enhancing with CT contrast

 - Carcinoma - No signs of infection - Renal Cell Carcinoma

 - Abscess - Fever and leukocytosis, Positive Gallium scan



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