Causes of Dizziness - Vertigo - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

True Vertigo - Illusion of Rotary Movement

Peripheral Vestibular Dysfunction - Nausea and vomiting, auditory symptoms, unidirectonal nystagmus

 • Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

 • Labrynthitis/Vestibular Neuronitis

 • Meniere's Disease

 • Acoustic Neuroma

 • Ototoxicity (usually imbalance and oscillopsia)

 • Otitis Media

 • Temporal Bone Fracture

Central Vestibular Dysfunction - Imbalance, neurologic symptoms/signs, bidirectional nystagmus

 - Infection

     • Meningitis

     • Cerebellar / Brainstem Abscess

 - Inflammatory

     • Multiple sclerosis

 - Intoxication

     • Barbiturates

     • Ethanol

 - Trauma

     • Cerebellar Contusion

 - Space-Occupying Lesion

     • Infratentorial Tumors

     • Cerebellopontine Angle Tumors

     • Glomus Tumors

 - Vascular

     • Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency

     • Basilar Artery Migraine

     • Transient Ischemic Attack

     • Cerebellar / Brainstem Infarction

     • Cerebellar Hemorrhage



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