Bipolar Disorder: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

 • Disruption of emotional homeostasis

 • Oscillation between mood states - Individual variability in disease course

Manic Episode - Minimum 1 week, or requiring hospitalization

 - elevated/expansive/irritable mood

 - Incr goal directed behaviours/agitation

 - Decr need for sleep

 - distractibility

 - racing thoughts

 - pressured speech

 - Incr euphoria

 - Incr grandiosity

 - Incr irritability

 - Incr risk taking

Euthymic Mood 

 - Definite periods of normal mood

 - Primary treatment goal is to maintain this state

Depressive Episode - Minimum 2 weeks

 - depressed mood

 - Incr withdrawal

 - Incr guilt, anxiety

 - Incr hopelessness

 - Decr pleasure

 - Decr concentration

 - Change sleep, fatigue

 - Change weight, appetite

 - psychomotor agitation/retardation

 - Incr suicidal thoughts and behaviours



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