Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a fast-growing form of cancer that originates in the bone marrow — the soft inner part of bones where blood cells are made. It affects the myeloid line of blood cells, leading to the rapid accumulation of abnormal white blood cells (myeloblasts), which crowd out normal cells and interfere with the production of red cells, platelets, and healthy white cells.



Symptoms often appear suddenly and may include fatigue, frequent infections, easy bruising or bleeding, pale skin, bone pain, shortness of breath, and fever. AML can progress quickly, and immediate diagnosis and treatment are crucial.



Risk factors include prior chemotherapy or radiation, certain genetic disorders (like Down syndrome), smoking, exposure to benzene, and blood disorders such as myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). AML is more common in older adults but can occur at any age.



Diagnosis involves blood tests, bone marrow biopsy, and genetic testing to determine mutations that influence prognosis and treatment options.



Treatment typically starts with intensive chemotherapy to induce remission, followed by consolidation therapy. In some cases, targeted therapy or a stem cell (bone marrow) transplant may be recommended. The prognosis varies based on age, genetic mutations, and response to therapy.



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