Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disorder that causes sudden, patchy hair loss on the scalp and sometimes on other areas of the body. The immune system mistakenly attacks hair follicles, leading to hair loss, and in some cases, the affected areas may regrow hair over time.
The exact cause of alopecia areata is not fully understood, but genetic factors, environmental triggers, and stress may play a role in its development. It can affect people of all ages and genders, although it most commonly begins in childhood or young adulthood.
In its mild form, alopecia areata may cause small, round patches of hair loss, but in more severe cases, it can progress to alopecia totalis (complete loss of scalp hair) or alopecia universalis (loss of all body hair).
Diagnosis is typically based on clinical examination and may be confirmed with a biopsy or blood tests to rule out other conditions.
While there is no cure for alopecia areata, treatments such as corticosteroids, immunotherapy, and topical medications can help stimulate hair regrowth. Additionally, wigs, hairpieces, and cosmetic treatments can be used to manage appearance.
Research into the causes and treatment options for alopecia areata is ongoing, with new therapies showing promise for improving outcomes.
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