Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS)
•	Non-specific ...
838
Description

Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS)

•	Non-specific (infections vs non-infectious)

•	≥2 of the following:

o	Temp >38°C or <36°C

o	HR >90 bpm

o	RR >20 or PaCO₂ <32 mmHg

o	WBC >12,000/mm³, <4,000/mm³, or >10% bands



Sepsis

•	Organ dysfunction due to dysregulated host response to infection.

•	SOFA score increases by ≥2.

•	qSOFA (≥2 indicates high risk):

o	Altered mental status (GCS <15)

o	RR ≥22/min

o	SBP ≤100 mmHg



Severe Sepsis (Obsolete Term in Sepsis-3, 2016)

•	Sepsis + tissue hypoperfusion/organ dysfunction.



Septic Shock

•	Sepsis + circulatory failure

o	Hypotension requiring vasopressors (MAP <65 mmHg).

o	Lactate >2 mmol/L 



Management (Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines)

•	Early recognition & treatment (within 1 hour)

•	IV fluids (30 mL/kg crystalloid in 1st 3 hours)

•	Broad-spectrum antibiotics ASAP

•	Vasopressors (norepinephrine) if MAP <65 mmHg

•	Source control (drain abscesses, remove infected devices)

•	Supportive care (oxygenation, ventilation, glycemic control, DVT/stress ulcer prophylaxis)



#sepsis #sirs #shock #lactate #MAP
Contributed by

Satyendra Dhar, MD
@DharSaty
Hospital Medicine
Assistant Clinical Professor

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