To get the most out of the sediment examination it is important to approach it in a systematic fashion. I recommend the following steps:
1. Get an idea of the clinical scenario and formulate specific questions.
2. Be aware of the results of the urine dipstick (pH, density, hemoglobin, albuminuria) and take a look at the macroscopic appearance of the urine and sediment.
3. Assess the sediment findings within the framework of the three principal pathoanatomical compartments (Table).
4. Correlate your findings with the clinical information and formulate a conclusion.

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