Shock Classification Types - Pathophysiology Comparison



Obstructive Shock:

 • Obstructive shock is characterized by a blockage in blood flow caused by a massive pericardial effusion, cardiac tamponade, or tension pneumothorax.

 • Echocardiographic Signs: Depends on the cause. Pulmonary embolism or pneumothorax: dilated right ventricle, small left ventricle. Tamponade: pericardial effusion, small left and right ventricles, dilated inferior vena cava.



Distributive Shock:

 • Distributive Shock is Characterized by hypovolemia and hypotension. It is the result of vasodilatation and release of inflammatory mediators.

 • Echocardiographic Signs: Normal cardiac chambers and (usually) preserved contractility.



Cardiogenic Shock:

 • Cardiogenic shock is characterized by low cardiac output and inadequate oxygen transport. It can be the result of a myocardial infarction. end-stage cardiomyopathy. advanced valvular disease. severe myocarditis, or severe cardiac arrhythmias.

 • Echocardiographic Signs: Large ventricles and poor contractility.



Hypovolemic Shock: 

 • Hypovolemic shock is characterized by internal or external fluid loss leading to organ failure.

 • Echocardiographic Signs: Small cardiac chambers and normal or high contractility.



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