Stoma Indications, Output and Complications



Stoma Types:

 • End ileostomy

 • Loop ileostomy

 • End colostomy

 • Loop colostomy

 • Ileal conduit



Cutaneous Complications:

 • Irritant contact dermatitis, Allergic contact dermatitis

 • Peristomal pyoderma gangrenosum, Granulomas

 • Psoriasis, Seborrheic dermatitis

 • Color changes (brown: post-inflammatory pigmentation, red/pink/mauve: new blood vessels, other colored: urinary staining)

 • Others: seborrheic keratosis (warty), cancer, ulcers, red cracks/sores (malnutrition), purpura (vasculitis), drug eruptions, radiation dermatitis



Early complications:

 • Ischemia, Necrosis

 • Retraction, Skin dehiscence

 • Infection

 • Bleeding

 • Ileus

 • Evisceration



Late complications:

 • Prolapse

 • Stenosis

 • Fistula

 • Leakage: irritation, erosion, skin digestion

 • Bowel obstruction

 • Parastomal hernia

 • Persistent infections

 • Stoma varices

 • High-output ileostomy: dehydration, electrolyte abnormalities

 • Constipation/diarrhea

 • Psychological



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