Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High R - Secondary Hyperaldosteronism: malignant HT, renovascular HT, Renin-secreting tumor
 • Low Al, Low R - Pseudo-hyperaldosteronism: exogenous mineralocorticoids, glycyrrhizic acid, Liddle's Syndrome, Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
 • Normal Al, Normal R - Cushing's syndrome
Normotensive:
 • UCl- <20 mEq/24 h - Vomiting, Nasogastric drainage, Post-hypercapnia
 • UCl- >20 mEq/24 h - Diuretics, Bartter's syndrome, Gitelman's syndrome

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