Causes of Nausea and Vomiting - Differential Diagnosis Framework



Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone/Area Postrema:

 • Drugs:

	- Chemo agents

	- Anesthesia

	- Opioids

	- NSAIDS

	- Aspirin

	- Antigout drugs

	- Cardiovascular agents: Digoxin, Antiarrhythmics, Anti-HTN, BB/CCB, Diuretics

	- Antibiotics

	- Nicotine

	- Alcohol

	- Hypervitaminosis

 • Toxins:

	- Bacteria

	- Viral

 • Metabolic:

	- Uremia

	- DKA

	- Hypercalcemia

	- AIP

	- Addison’s disease

	- Hyperthyroidism



Cortex/CNS:

 • Migraine

 • Emotional response

 • Stress

 • Pain

 • Increased ICP:

	- Malignancy

	- Hemorrhage

	- Infarction

	- Meningitis

	- Abscess

	- Hydrocephalus

	- Pseudotumor cerebri



Vestibular:

 • Motion sickness

 • Meniere disease

 • Tumors

 • Labyrinthitis

 • BPPV

 • Vestibular neuritis



GI Tract:

 • Stretch:

	- Obstruction

	- Constipation

	- Gastroparesis

 • Gastric Irritants/mucosal disruption

 • Gastritis/PUD/GERD

 • Foods

 • IBS

 • Pancreatitis

 • Hepatitis

 • Mesenteric ischemia

 • Malignancy



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